‘PANOVE / PANY RADA’ IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN: WAS THE GRAMMAR ADAPTATION SUCCESSFUL?

The article discusses the grammatical specifi city of a borrowing from Polish panowe / pany rada ‘members of a princely/royal council, senators’ in the history of the Russian language. The paper is based on the sources from the 16th–17th and 20th–21st centuries, vocabulary and corpus data (National Russian Corpus, National Corpus of Polish). The author describes case forms, interaction with the contextual environment, and features of graphic design. The study reveals a wide variation in the forms of infl ection and syntactic connections in diachrony supported by the diff erence in the grammatical characteristics of the components and observed both in the source language and in the borrowing. In the Mid-Russian period, the main dynamic moment is the replacement of the fi rst component panove by the form pany in the nominative, which indicates the emancipation from the source language. The author considers the common tendency for the Mid-Russian and modern Russian usage to be the desire to smooth out the syntactic tension between the singular and plural element in the phrase. It leads to rethinking the latter as a construction with a genitive and to the appearance of inversions and variants with one case-invariant component, such as rada panov, pan-rada as well. Modern usage (including graphic design) is not distinguished by orderliness, variations can occur in the same text, which is why one has to talk about the incomplete adaptation of the phrase under study.