SEMANTIC DERIVATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: THE SYSTEM-BASED AND THE AUTHORS’ INDIVIDUAL

The article focuses on some cases of lexical semantic derivation as an important source of further development of the 19th century Russian lexical system. The given process has made actual the problem of correlating the system-based and the authors’ individual factors which exert a considerable influence on semantic shifts in the meaning of certain words as well as on forming of new word-building patterns based on certain semantic motivational grounds. The analysis of lexical neologisms from the group of ethnonyms motivated by toponyms (kavkazets, tashkentets, manchzhurets) has displayed high derivational activity of the given semantic motivational pattern in the conceptual domain ‘home’—‘alien’, correlation of various semantic mechanisms (including metonymy and metaphor) involved in the process being found as well. Observation of such-like linguistic facts on the wide textual basis and in historical perspective (varyagi) provides new insights into a significant fragment of linguistic world image.