TOSKA, PECHAL’, GRUST’ AS CREATEMES (BASED ON THE POETIC CORPUS OF B. PASTERNAK’S TEXTS AND THE POETIC SUBCORPUS OF THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL CORPUS)

The lexemes toska, pechal’, grust’ were studied as words, including in the diachronic sense, as lexemes in the comparative sense, as keywords and ideas, as experiences from the point of view of the psychology of emotions, but most of all as emotional concepts in fiction texts. The purpose of this article is to prove that in poetic texts these lexemes do not perform the function of concepts, but createmes in the understanding of V. P. Grigor’ev. The material for the study was the corpus of Pasternak’s poetic texts, created on the basis of a five-volume edition (1989–1992). For the comparative study, the poetic subcorpus of the RNC was used, from which texts with the studied lexemes of the time period 1900–1960 were extracted. From a quantitative point of view, the leading words in Pasternak’s poetry are those with the root tosk- — 59, with the root pechal’- — 17; with the root grust’- — also 17.
Toska in Pasternak’s contexts appears as a very intense emotion, which allows us to talk about the use of the lexical function Magn, including in a metaphorical sense. Anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images of toska turn out to be unusual in Pasternak, however, a broader picture of the poetic corpus allows us to see that anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images rarely, but still accompanied toska earlier. Also interesting are the contexts where toska appears as an emotion separated from a person, as a subject and is personified on the basis of a predicative metaphor. Pechal’ and grust’ sometimes also appear separately from the subject experiencing it, while grust’ also appears as an anthropomorphic image. The main individual-authorial increments of meaning in the themes of toska, pechal’, grust’ indicate that although these emotions are encountered in Pasternak throughout his entire creative path, one can clearly sense the poet’s desire to free himself from them, as from an illness.