PAST PARTICIPLES AND PERFECT CONSTRUCTIONS IN OPOCHKA DIALECTS

 The paper describes the forms and syntactic functions of past participles and, above all, their use in perfect constructions in the dialects of the Opochka District in Pskov Re- gion. The material is a complete sample of contexts with participles from approximately five hours of audio recordings of dialectal speech. In Opochkа dialects and a small portion of neighboring Tver dialects, š-participles are derived from the stem of the past tense forms (javilši); such forms are not found anywhere outside this small area. The use of full and short forms, aspect, and voice in the forms of participles are considered in connection with their syntactic functions. The article describes the formation of present and past perfect forms, the subjunctive mood, negative perfect forms, diathetic types of perfect constructions, and case marking of subject and object. The coordination of the auxiliary verb and participles with the subject and their forms in the case of the absence of a sub- ject are described in connection with reduction of /o/ in the final open syllable. Opochka dialects have a special system of morphological and diathetic types of perfect construc- tions, which distinguishes them from other East Slavic dialects. Like most Northern and Middle Belarusian dialects, they are characterized by a distribution of voice forms of participles depending on the transitivity of the verb: in object-resultative constructions,n/t-participles of transitive verbs occur, whereas in subject-resultative ones š-participles of intransitive verbs do. In most Russian dialects, there are deviations from this distri- bution. Unlike Belarusian dialects, in Opochka dialects, the agent can be expressed by a combination of «u + genitive/local case». This is characteristic of all Russian dialects in which perfect constructions occur.