POLISH AND RUSSIAN DIALECTICAL EPONYMS NOMINATIG REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ANIMAL WORD

The article analyzes Polish and Russian dialectal eponyms that name representatives of the animal world. Material from Polish and Russian lexicographic sources and monographs is used. Eponymic zoonyms are formed from all classes of onyms: anthroponyms (including hagionyms), toponyms, ethnonyms, georthonyms. Three types of eponyms are distinguished in relation to the basic onym: non-derivative, derivative and phrases in which the eponymous component is an adjective. Examples of false eponyms are also given (for example, Russian турция ‘nasturtium’ or Polish ślązak ‘malva’). The material of eponyms-zoonyms is arranged according to classes that are distinguished in zoology: 1) mammals (for example, Polish jakubek and Russian кузьма ‘wolf’; 2) birds (for example, Russian жид ‘sparrow’ and Polish wojtek ‘stork’; 3) fishes (for example, Russian авдотка ‘chair fish’ and Polish baśka ‘a type of fish’); 4) amphibians (for example, Polish kasperek ‘green frog’); 5) insects (for example, Russian митя ‘butterfly’ and Polish goral ‘earwig’). The task of the researcher is to identify the feature of the onym that served as the basis for the formation of the eponym from it. The motivation is most transparent in detoponymic formations, it is most difficult to establish the origin of deanthroponymic eponyms. The article examines a number of eponyms for which it is possible to identify a characteristic feature associated with the basic onym which served as the basis for the formation of the onym. For example, the Polish gabrysie // gawrysie ‘pigeons’ is related to the name of the Archangel Gabriel (hypocoristic Gabryś), who informed the Virgin Mary that she will give birth to the Savior from the Holy Spiritwhose symbole is a white pigeon. The polyfunctionality of the same form of eponym is noted both in the space of the whole dialectal language and within the same dialect.