ISOLATED SUBSTANTIVE TURNS AS EXPRESSEMES OF POETIC DISCOURSE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 18th — FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURIES

The article presents a multi-aspect analysis of the functioning of isolated substantive turns in poetic speech. The material for the study is poetic works of small and medium genres of the era of classicism and romanticism (M. Lomonosov, G. Derzhavin, I. Dmitriev, N. Karamzin, V. Zhukovsky, K. Batyushkov, A. Pushkin, P. Vyazemsky, E. Baratynsky, A. Delvig, N. Yazykov, M. Lermontov). Nouns of all lexical and grammatical categories participate in the creation of substantive turns, but with varying degrees of intensity, which is due to the need for figurative concretization of abstract concepts, the formation of tropic contexts, and, consequently, a more passive role of abstract names. Onomastic vocabulary in the composition of appositions saturates lyrical discourse with intertextual allusions, precedent names of culture. The length of substantive turns is two or three words, but isolated groups of much larger volume are not uncommon in poetry. In lyrical discourse, the functional spectrum of appositive syntagmas is revealed in all its fullness. The expressive load and creative potential of substantive turns are associated with the formation of the positions of metaphorization and personification, phonetically and syntactically accentuated by pauses, participation in authorization (realization of the author’s intention associated with the intonation-graphic and semantic emphasis of a segment of speech) and dialogization of the text (the focus of the assessment expressed by the turn on the addressee of the message), ensuring intra-textual coherence (for example, in the case of repetition), rhythmic-melodic division of lyrical discourse. The activation of substantive turns in the Karamzin and Pushkin era of literary development demonstrates the richest palette of metaphorical figurative means, the formation of new poetic phraseology, a wide arsenal of periphrastic turns, the transformation of lexical-semantic and grammatical norms.