VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR: INTERPENETRATION AND INTERACTION

The vocabulary and grammatical structure of a language are in close connection: they imply and condition each other. This mutual dependence, concerning not only individual lexical units, but also whole classes of words, is traditionally displayed in dictionaries and grammars. But in recent decades, new ideas and new editions appeared in Russian studies, are developing and supplementing past ideas. Among them we should name the concept of integral dictionary by Y. D. Apresyan, associative grammar by Y. N. Karaulov, syntactic dictionary by G. A. Zolotova, lexical grammar by A. L. Sharandin, as well as the theory of grammatical profiles (L. Yanda et al.). Grammar, speaking in modern terminology, encrypts the lexicon: through the sum of its word-formation indicators and the range of possible syntactic functions it helps to identify the lexical meaning of a word and to include it to one or another semantic category (group). The internal connection between vocabulary and grammar is also manifested in the processes of speech activity. The article contains examples of how the speaker is influenced by certain grammatical meanings in the course of word choice — they help (or hinder) him to find the necessary lexical unit in his memory.