CONSTRUCTIONS OF A STATAL PASSIVE IN A LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTION OF RUSSIAN FOR FOREIGNERS

The article describes the constructions of the statal passive as one of adjacent linguistic topics correlating with the category of a passive. Many linguists have examined these constructions (L. L. Bulanin, V. I. Gavrilova, V. P. Nedialkov, S. E. Jakhontov, E. M. Lazutkina, J. P. Kniazev etc.). The author of the article analyses these constructions from the position of the description of Russian for foreigners, and thus has the opportunity to analyse linguistic facts as they are seen by those who study Russian as a foreign language. It is necessary to deeply describe the structure of the statal passive, because it is difficult for foreigners: the constructions of a statal and actional passive coincide in many languages; that is why mistakes are possible. The study defines more precisely differential semantic signs delimiting constructions of an actional passive, whose meaning is defined by the formula ‘actioner and action’; and of a statal passive, which means ‘what is situated where’. The study directs attention to differences in categorical signs in structures of statal and actional passive; it defines types of texts in which the structures of a statal passive are most natural and analyses the most typical mistakes by foreign students while using this linguistic form.