LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC VARIANCE IN THE ASPECT OF THE DYNAMICS OF MODERN DIALECTS

The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-18-00027, hhhp://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00027.
In modern Russian dialects, which are the means of communication of a significant part of the population of Russia, complex and multidirectional processes occur, determined, on the one hand, by the internal dynamics of the development of the system, on the other hand, by external factors, consisting in socio-economic changes, which have especially intensified in recent decades. With the erosion of the traditional way of life in the countryside, modern dialects gradually lose their striking dialectal features and the vocabulary of colloquial and everyday nature comes to the forefront in real communication. It is used in everyday communication and serves primarily the interpersonal relations in a narrowly limited group (family, neighbors), which determines its expressive coloring. Colloquial vocabulary is characterized by formal and semantic variability, supported by the oral form of existence of dialects, the absence of a codified norm in them, facilitating the emergence of word-formation and semantic units of varying degrees of stability according to ready-made models. The composition of colloquial vocabulary is largely made up of lexical and semantic variants of common Russian words and dialectal words formed from common Russian morphemes according to productive word-formation models. It is this vocabulary, along with changes in the phonetics and grammar of dialects, that determines the uniqueness of modern dialects, the dynamics of which give grounds to speak about the formation of a new form of dialect communication.