SEMANTIC TRANSFER IN RUSSIAN EVERYDAY SPEECH AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE CATALOGUE OF SEMANTIC SHIFTS

Semantic derivation is one of the most productive ways of replenishing the vocabulary of everyday speech. Attention of linguists has previously been attracted by shifts in the meanings of words of standard language resulting in the emergence of colloquial meanings. Semantic extension within the framework of everyday speech, which also resulted in the emergence of colloquial meanings, has not been the object of research. The material of the ‘Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Everyday Speech’ edited by L. P. Krysin allows one to distinguish two types of semantic transfer within everyday speech. These are a transfer from derivative colloquial meanings motivated by the meanings of words of the standard language, e. g. sidet’ [to sit] ‘to be in a sitting position’ — colloq. ‘to be forced to stay somewhere for a long time — to be imprisoned’, and a transfer motivated by one of the meanings of a non-derived colloquial word, e. g. propikhnut’ ‘shove in’ (colloq.) ‘to squeeze in — to feed by force’. The peculiarity of transfer within everyday speech is that already in the motivating meaning there is an evaluation, which is replicated in the derivative. 
Transfers within everyday speech can be unique or regular. It is of interest to compare them with the material from the Catalogue of Semantic Shifts, which presents cognitively adjacent meanings in various languages of the world. At this stage of the study we managed to establish full correspondence between instances of semantic transfer in Russian everyday speech and semantic shifts recorded in the Catalogue only in two instances; other patterns of transfer in Russian colloquial speech differ in various ways.