MEANING CREATION AND ITS LINGUISTIC MECHANISMS: SEMANTIC ATTRACTION

We consider the possibility of creating new meanings as one of the directions of neology. Neology should include a description of the processes of meaning formation and meaning creation. The development of asymmetric dualism of a linguistic sign (S. Kartsevsky) can be, in one case, the generation of new signifi eds, and in the other, new signifi ers. V. P. Grigoriev described mechanisms of Khlebnikov’s word-formation (his “languages”); this can become the ground for creating a semantic theory of a new type — focused on describing the mechanisms not of transmitting but of generating meaning. Based on this, expanding Grigoriev’s concept of paronymic attraction, we introduce the concept of semantic attraction — it is to combine all cases when the simultaneous ex- pression of several meanings (connotation, memes, blending, puns, nicknames, swear words, catchwords, etc.) happens. The simultaneous presentation of several meanings in speech (text) with their certain hierarchization should be considered an active process of meaning formation. Within the same sign, a “consideration of concepts” (A. S. Pushkin), or “multiplication” of meanings (V. Khlebnikov) occurs; this is achieved by an orderly correlation of diff erent signifi eds. Distinguishing the main primary (denotative) meaning from connotative, secondary, expressive, etc. meanings, we thereby refl ect the existing hierarchy between them. This can be seen as an analogy to blending and emergence — when a composition results in meanings that are not present in the original components. Since asymmetric dualism can be diff erently manifested, various neology mechanisms may become essential parameters of the typology of idiostyles. We suggest distinguishing between the idiostyles of Mandelstam and Khlebnikov based on the dominance, in the fi rst case, of the mechanisms of semantic attraction, in the second — paronymic (phonetic) attraction.