SYNTAGMATIC CLASS OF VERBS: DEFINITION AND CALCULATION

The author describes the syntagmatic properties of verbs and reveals paradigmatic relationships in vocabulary and grammar. In the article, the syntagmatic class of verbs is defined as a functional-semantic category and as a basic concept. To identify the derivational connections of verb phrases, a model of the significative core of sentences is used. The article shows the methodological value of the concept of the “syntactic position of word forms”.

The article contains a description of two syntagmatic classes of verbs: the syntagmatic class of event verbs of locally directed action and the class of existential action verbs.

The following feature of the grammatical semantics of the Russian language is expounded: singular forms of material or abstract nouns in the nominative case or in the instrumental case in a syntactic position with an abstract meaning are functionally identical to the plural forms of certain nouns. They denote an uncountable set, a single whole, an array — that is, they represent the concept of «set» as a «non-discrete set (continuum).» The structure of the syntagmatic class of locally directed verbs can be characterized as a fuzzy set.

The syntagmatic class of existential action verbs represents the periphery of the field of existential predicates. Sentence patterns can be discovered using a constant set of se- mantic components. The structure of the models is due to the presence of the modus plan of the subject of speech: information about the action is interpreted as a state of affairs, a fact. The denotative plan, called a specific verbal lexeme, is included in the existential meaning of the proposition; in models, the reverse word order is.