THE PHONEME AS A RISE: THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF MULTILEVEL PHONOLOGY

 Inside of the Moscow Phonological School there have actually been formed two conceptions of the phonological system. The traditional doctrine was supposed to imply one phonological unit — phoneme (A.A. Reformatsky, S.P. Kuznetsov, V.N. Sidorov, L.L. Kasatkin). Later the idea of the multilevel phonology started up by references to several types of phonemes in accordance with the different functions of the sound units (S. I. Bernstein, R. I. Avanesov, M. V. Panov). Attempts to develop the ideas of the multilevel phonology can be also found in the works of the author of this article.

The author comes to the conclusion that the most adequate approach to describe the phonetic language layer is a multilevel system. It is proposed to distinguish the following units: a syllable as a unit of speech, the speech sound of the first and second kind as units of speech, the language sound as a unit intermediate between the language and the speech, a differentiator, a sintagmo-phoneme, a paradigmo-phoneme, a morphoneme as language units. Allocated units are connected to each other by the system of alternations.

The article describes the main provisions of multilevel phonology of the Russian language from the standpoint of the Moscow phonological school. The author comes to the conclusion that the most adequate approach to describe the phonetic language layer is a multilevel system. It is proposed to distinguish the following units: a syllable as a unit of speech, the speech sound of the first and second kind as units of speech, the language sound as a unit intermediate between the language and the speech, a differentiator, a sintagmo-phoneme, a paradigmo-phoneme, a morphoneme as language units. Allocated units are connected to each other by the system of alternations.